Showing posts with label carbon cap and trade. Show all posts
Showing posts with label carbon cap and trade. Show all posts

Wednesday, January 25, 2012

Global Warming Nuclear - Decades Late and US$ Millions Short

Rev 25 Jan 2012



Over the past three to four decades Left Democrats have ridden hard to stardom with their forceful and manipulative denunciation of domestic and global nuclear energy. Resulting is human races demise 2050-2099 CE.

The only tool that is quickly available to reduce U.S. and global human greenhouse emissions is to quickly expand nuclear energy, building new nuclear reactors and replace old hydrocarbon energy units. Reform is necessary of left Democrats Nuclear Energy Commission (NRC). The NRC members are no more than appointed politicians and lawyers whose paid job is to continue blocking U.S. nuclear energy advancement. “Renewable energy drive” was further enabled by withholding permitting for U.S. expansion of nuclear energy; which allowed left Democrats’ European-U.S. neo communists to promote 2011 ₡ 96 billion euros (US$ 122.63 billion) corruption carbon-cap-and-trace renewable energy funding and US$ 90 billions 2009 “Stimulus” renewable energy corruption funding.   

With the exception of expanding nuclear power, all other U.S. national energy proposals and policies are NOT viable. U.S. energy policies simply do not reflect real clean energy needs and real energy growth demands. Life-cycle process of all human energies (except nuclear energy and hydroelectric) emit large amounts of carbon dioxide. Clean inexpensive nuclear energy CAN provide new jobs if political nuclear construction and operating costs are reduced for new nuclear energy expansion and the nuclear replacement of existing dirty hydrocarbon energy sources. Added benefits of nuclear energy are it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and therefore reduces global warming temperature increase. Unlike renewable energy, inexpensive nuclear energy is a tangible long-term economic stimulus. Inexpensive nuclear energy provides improved economies and increase employment while helping human races survival.  

As a result of their systemic deficiencies, alternative renewable green power sources require massive government subsidies in the form of tax breaks and requirements that utilities and public buy inefficient power. Furthermore, while not reducing fossil fuel use, poorly run European “cap and trade” programs will effectively ration our primary hydrocarbon and nuclear energy sources, resulting in energy demands exceeding supplies. Alternative energy policies result in direct and indirect increased cost to the world economy, while producing very little energy and no net reduction of greenhouse gases. Congress and individual U.S. states make long-term energy rules that unnecessarily increase costs to industry rate payers.    

To have any reasonable 70% chance of avoiding greater dangerous climate change, global emissions will need to peak carbon emissions by 2015-2020 CE.  Nuclear energy and reprocessing of uranium will be of utmost importance in the task of stabilizing Earth’s temperature increase. Left Democrats’ have made the U.S. global warming reductions tasks much more difficult, if not imposable. President Obama and left Democrat leadership are suppressing U.S. paths to nuclear energy advancement and have given away essential nuclear technology to China.    

The U.S. nuclear energy sector is a global asset too valuable to be run by politicians. No longer can human races survival depend upon the whims of politically appointed U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) politicians. The politically controlled untoward NRC and US DOE are under complete control of CONGRESSIONAL left Democrat leadership. If human global greenhouse gases are to peak by 2020 and than be reduced, then the NRC members are to be fired now and replaced by by Presidential appointment  three senior military nuclear representatives and one representative appointed by the President (confirmed by Congress).

Over the years the military has handled many successful nuclear programs. In 1951 December 20, Arco, Idaho, Experimental Breeder Reactor I produces the first electric power from nuclear energy, lighting four light bulbs. Later, 1952 June 14, the Keel for the Navy's first nuclear submarine, Nautilus, is laid at Groton, Connecticut. The U.S. military is very knowledgeable and experienced as to how to develop and manage large complex nuclear programs. Military nuclear program management organizational knowledge is necessary for the restructuring of the NRC and the restart of U.S. nuclear energy programs.       

No one size or type nuclear reactor meets current or future needs. There are many current and advanced designed nuclear reactors that meet the needs to reduce global warming greenhouse gas emissions. Small modular reactors (SMRs), approximately one-third the size of current nuclear plants, have compact designs that are expected to offer a host of safety, siting, construction, electrical capacity, and economic benefits.

Small and medium sized reactors (SMRs), i.e., reactors with the equivalent electric power of less than 700 MW. SMRs may provide an attractive and affordable nuclear power option for many developing countries with small electrical grids, insufficient infrastructure and limited investment capability. Multi-module power plants with SMRs may offer energy production flexibility that energy market deregulation might call for in the future in many countries. SMRs are also of particular interest for co-generation and many advanced future process heat applications. Some SMR designs may reduce obligations of the user for spent fuel and waste management and offer possibly greater non-proliferation assurances to the international community.

There are specific U.S. applications for SMRs; however, on the whole there are few cost effective advantages within the U.S. for SMRs.  As with left Democrats’ massive promotion of “alternative renewable green energy,” the U.S. DOE sending out SMR statements is much ado about nothing.   

"Energy Department Takes First Step to Spur U.S. Manufacturing of Small Modular Nuclear Reactors"

January 20, 2012 - 10:48am
News Media, Energy.Gov

Washington, D.C. – The U.S. Department of Energy today announced the first step toward manufacturing small and medium reactors (SMRs) in the United States, demonstrating the Administration’s commitment to advancing U.S. manufacturing leadership in low-carbon, next generation energy technologies and restarting the nation’s nuclear industry.  Through the draft Funding Opportunity Announcement announced today, the Department will establish cost-shared agreements with private industry to support the design and licensing of SMRs.

“America’s choice is clear - we can either develop the next generation of clean energy technologies, which will help create thousands of new jobs and export opportunities here in America, or we can wait for other countries to take the lead,” said Energy Secretary Steven Chu. “The funding opportunity announced today is a significant step forward in designing, manufacturing, and exporting U.S. small modular reactors, advancing our competitive edge in the global clean energy race.”

Small and medium reactors (SMRs) modular reactors, approximately one-third or less of the size of current nuclear plants, have compact designs that are expected to offer a host of safety, siting, construction and economic benefits. Specifically, they could be made in factories and transported to sites where they would be ready to “plug and play” upon arrival, reducing both capital costs and construction times. The small size also makes SMRs ideal for small electric grids and for locations that cannot support large reactors, providing utilities with the flexibility to scale production as demand changes.

The draft Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) announced today solicits input from industry in advance of a full FOA, which will support first-of-a-kind engineering, design certification and licensing through a cost-shared partnership. The full FOA will fund up to two SMR designs with the goal of deploying these reactors by 2022.

Today’s announcement comes on the heels of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission’s certification of Westinghouse Electric Generation III+ AP1000 nuclear reactor design, which was supported through a cost-shared agreement with the Energy Department. The Department’s efforts, in coordination with the NRC and private industry, have helped American companies lead the way in obtaining certification and licensing approvals for new reactor designs, which will further streamline these processes for future investments in the U.S. nuclear industry.  

[NOTE: By the time of the 1994 shutdown, the U.S. Argonne National Laboratory had essentially demonstrated mastery of the necessary Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) technology components for reprocessing nuclear fuel. President Obama gave the IFR nuclear fuel-reprocessing technology to China's No. 404 Factory. China now has a closed fuel cycle capability. Around 2009, President Obama gave more than 50,000 AP1000 detail manufacture and construction drawings to China. China is quickly and cheaply building US DOE-Westinghouse AP 1000 reactors. Westinghouse AP 1000 is a major reactor advancement for China's move to Generation III+ nuclear technology, and involves a major U.S. to China technology transfer agreement. By so doing, President Obama gave away critical U.S. nuclear technology to a significant economic adversary to the U.S. Chinese designers are developing a variation of the AP 1000 technologies, trumpeted as the "hone-grown" CAP 1000, as well as an updated CAP 1400 nuclear reactors. U.S. Argonne Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) program significantly advances China’s nuclear fuel cycle along with Generation III+ CAP 1000 and CAP 1400 nuclear reactors; thus providing China significant reduced construction time and costs and reduced lifetime economic costs over U.S. nuclear providers, within the growing global clean nuclear energy markets. --DGE]      

For more information on SMRs, please visit the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy website.

Fin

Critics can only present information. It is up to politicians to save human races from global warming temperature increase 2050-2099 CE destruction.

Monday, January 16, 2012

Global Warming - Financial Investment to 2050


Rev 16 Jan 2012


How do financial institutions invest when it is known that human races are to end 2050-2099 Cristian Era (CE)?

Since European and U.S. world leaders and neo communist politicians are determined to retain national dependence upon hydrocarbon economies (coal, oil, natural gas), while ignoring the obvious ending of human races, the wisdom of any long-term investment is in considerable doubt. Over time, political global warming responses are unpredictable. There is no capable world leadership representing the need of continuing human races.  U.S. politicians and news media are locked into the 2012 CE election campaign. Since the 1990s CE, UN responses to global warming were undermined by the corruption of carbon reduction sounding schemes . There is no economic precedence for end human races institutional investments.

Without now reducing natural and human greenhouse emissions Earth’s average temperature shall soon exceed a level that is capable of sustaining human races. Without political changes, the one hundred and sixty thousand year journey of modern man ends 2050-2099 CE.  Global warming is the world’s greatest growing security threat.

The science of global warming is clear. Global warming greenhouse gas human hydrocarbon emissions since preindustrial 1750s (or since the 1712 Newcomen engine) have increased and accumulated.  In turn, these human hydrocarbons have resulted in increased global temperature (about 0.8 oC) and Arctic subsea permafrost destabilization.  Huge Arctic methane clathrate deposits have increased release of natural methane, which is accelerating the global warming process.  Prior to 2099 CE, even without increased natural methane emissions, human hydrocarbon emissions are projected to exceed life terminating +5 oC temperature increase.  The only thing that is certain about current financial institution investments is that the human races terminate 2050-2099 CE.                

Centres of political and financial gravity for current financial investments should guide strategic investments. Due to global warming, over time these gravity centers will fail individually or in combination until the end is complete:

- Increased negative consequences of regulation (economic)
- Major systemic financial failure (economic)
- Natural and Human Greenhouse gas emissions (environmental) increase temperature
- Global governance failure (geopolitical)
- Water supply and food resources crisis are eminent (environmental)
- Unsustainable population growth (societal) outstrip redistribution of Earth’s resources
- Critical systems failure (technological)
- Persistent extreme weather (environment)
- Extreme volatility in energy and agriculture pricing (economic)
- Increased post 2017 CE costs to reduce global warming temperature increase (economic)  

Since the 1990s CE, alternative renewable energy has been promoted as a political scheme for corruption.  None of the US$100s billions spent on renewable energy projects have REDUCED any amount of global temperature increase. Real responses to global warming have been delayed for decades. The only energy source that has the capability to save human races is nuclear energy.  However, nuclear energy has been renounced by European and U.S. neo communists and too many world leaders. In place of nuclear energy there is carbon-cap-and-trade.  

Carbon markets are part of multinational political corruption and siphoning off funding directed to environmentally friendly sounding projects. Carbon markets across the world were valued at 96 billion euros (US$122.63 billion) last year, up 4 percent on 2010. The value of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS), the world's biggest carbon market, grew by 6 percent to an estimated 76 billion euros (US$97.08 billion).  Overall traded volume in so-called EU Allowances (EUAs), including options and auctions, reached around 6 billion euros (US$7.66 billion) last year, a 17-percent increase on 2010. The EU carbon market is also the biggest buyer of carbon credits issued under the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which awards rich country investments in emissions-reduction claimed projects in the developing world. U.N.-issued Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) at 17.8 billion euros (US$ 22.74 billions) in 2011. The Kyoto Protocol's Joint Implementation market, which issues carbon credits to emissions-reduction projects in developed countries, saw its value grow by 40 percent to 716 million euros (US$ 914.62 million). The North American carbon market's value also declined, falling to 221 million euros (US$ 282.31 million) in 2011. The carbon markets’ shuffle of carbon credits results in huge politically connected special interest profits.  Carbon markets are the “smoking gun” of government sponsored global warming corruption.  Although the markets are huge, none of the carbon trading has resulted in any REDUCTION of global warming temperature increase.

Left Democrats “stimulated” the U.S. economy with an expensive ‘American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’ (ARRA 2009) that included over $90 billion in unproductive “climate change” alternative renewable energy investments.  However, all Congresses have funded nothing that would reduce global warming TEMPERATURE INCREASE.  Additionally in 2009 CE, although compete the Yucca Mountain project that is necessary for the U.S. clean nuclear fuel cycle was stopped by congressional left Democrat neo communists. It appears that most of ARRA stimulus funding was arranged to feed government funds to left Democrat supporters and voter districts with very little stimulus of U.S. capitalism or reduction of global warming. Congress has ignored global warming to provide for political special interests, which supports a charge of congressional gross political negligence.

The President of the United Sates must task the U.S. Secretary of Defense to provide timely global warming solutions within 2012 CE.

World leaders continue to build hydrocarbon energy plants that results in 2017 CE “infrastructure lock-in” of the global “carbon budget.” Unless there is quick identification of the emerging and future global warming threat, there is now certainty that human races survival ends 2050-2099 CE.  But there is no certainty that the global warming threat is to be soon identified with recommendations. It has been suggested that the U.S. Department of Defence identify and make global warming response recommendations.  However, this is a U.S. election year and little interest in global warming demonstrated by President Obama, or the U.S. Congress, or the media.  Perhaps in 2013 CE or later there might be some political guidance for financial institution investments in 2050-2099 CE end human life.   

After decades of dismantling nuclear energy and increasing nuclear facility costs, the time to complete significant nuclear global nuclear output-increase would exceed 10 years, which is beyond the hydrocarbon energy plants 2017 CE  “infrastructure lock-in” of the global “carbon budget.” Institutional investment in nuclear energy continues to be a risky political investment, which increases certainty of carbon budget infrastructure lock-in.
 
However, hydrocarbon investments due remain supported by many world leaders and politicians.  Investment futures within hydrocarbon energy facilities are supported with favorable regulations and a large union labor force. The investment draw back of hydrocarbon industry is that hydrocarbon investments increase global warming emissions with resultant pulling-in of human life termination-point.  With everyone dead sooner, investors in the hydrocarbon industry receive lower returns on investment.                  

When coal emissions (as it is burned 2000 CE) are considered to be 100, greenhouse gas emissions from nuclear, would be 4. Wind and hydro would also be 4-emissions. Solar is 8 and natural gas is 10-emissions. However, wind, solar, and hydro energy are significantly limited energy sources.  There are substantial releases of carbon dioxide and methane emitted during coal, oil, and natural gas production, distribution, and use. Note that methane's 20-year global warming potential is an interaction with carbon monoxide, oxidants, sulphates aerosols molecules and other chemical actions.  Dependent upon chemical composition of the atmosphere, GWP of methane is 53 to 75 and can be as high as 120 times greater than carbon dioxide (which has a GWP equal one). Methane from natural sources, coal, oil, and natural gas are significant contributors to end human races global warming. All human uses of hydrocarbon coal, oil, natural gas result in increased global warming temperature.    

"We should use nuclear power to reduce global warming"

Letter to Ed SunHerald.com
Friday, Jan. 13, 2012

Congress should move immediately to reduce or eliminate the combustion of all fossil fuels and facilitate procedures to accelerate the construction of nuclear power plants to reduce global warming.

Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of earth’s atmosphere and oceans which is predicted to increase coastal flooding. In the last 100 years, earth’s average surface temperature increased by about 0.8° C (1.4° F).

Studies show that greenhouse gases (and carbon dioxide in particular) are at the top of the list of the energy sector’s environmental impacts, and the source of human-made climate change. The largest source of greenhouse gases is the coal-burning power generation industry. To address the global warming problem, it is clearly necessary to stop burning coal to generate electric power and convert to a process with less carbon dioxide emissions.

A study published in 2000 by the International Energy Agency compared emissions per kilowatt-hour for each of the major sources of energy. If coal emissions (as it is burned 2000) are considered to be 100, emissions from nuclear, wind and hydro would be 4, solar 8 and natural gas 10.  

When considering installing power generating facilities, the “footprint” or actual space or land required must be considered. For example, a 1,000-megawatt nuclear plant or coal burning plant takes up about a third of a square mile, a solar panel array over 50 square miles, and a 1,000-megawatt wind farm requires over 200 square miles.

Another factor to be considered is the amount of waste material produced by each type of power generation. A 1,000-megawatt nuclear plant converts 20 tons of fuel a year into 20 tons of waste. The same size coal plant burns 3 million tons of fuel a year and produces 7 million tons of carbon dioxide, which goes into the earth’s atmosphere.

By RICHARD WALDSMITH
Bay St. Louis

There is not much guidance for financial institution’s global warming investment. Global financial institutions and markets will just have hold back on investments until politicians decide upon the date and regulations for human life termination.