Rev: 23 Jan 2012
Access to affordable energy is a key to any developed nation’s existence. Only increasing nuclear energy by 2020 CE can help human races survive the global warming temperature increase 2050-2099 CE.
President Obama proposed a Clean Energy Standard (CES) (March 21, 2011) to require that 80% of the nation’s electricity come from clean energy technologies by 2035. The U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources (ENR) Committee faced general policy identification threshold questions for electric base load and renewable energy sectors, and whether a CES would most effectively achieve them. President Obama’s CES standards would become part of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA’s) long-term regulations.
President Obama did not create current left Democrat energy policies, those policies were there long before he came into office.
Clean Energy Standard (CES) (March 21, 2011) review request contains fraudulent data reporting. If that CES request was recorded in a U.S. stock market exchange, instead of within the left Democrat U.S. Senate, by omissions and misrepresentations the co conspirator authors would now be serving time in jail.
Misrepresentation Reporting of U.S. Energy Sector
Electrical energy flow consumed in 2002 U.S. used about: 54.4% coal, 21.2% nuclear, 3.5% natural gas, 8.5% renewable (renewable is identified as 6.5% hydroelectric, 2% biomass/other).
The CES data reported to be from the U.S. Energy Information Administration information identifies 2010 U.S. “domestic electricity generation was comprised of:” 45% coal, 25% natural gas, 20% nuclear, 10% renewable (renewable identified as hydroelectric power, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass).
CES 2010 energy usage information is not correct: coal, natural gas, nuclear and renewable statements are improper. The left Democrat political movement is lying about energy usage and consider lies to continue Congressional opposition to global warming reform. Nuclear energy overstatement (8% vs 20%) identifies left Democrat’s reluctance to permit nuclear industry growth. Politicians misrepresenting U.S. energy data has several significant negative domestic and international repercussions, which leads to human life terminations.
When 2002 hydroelectric power 6.5% is excluded from overall 8.5% renewable energy, what is left is 2% portion of renewable energy. In spite of being very expensive, left Democrat promoted renewable energies do not produce any significant amounts of energy or reduction in global warming greenhouse gases.
Since the 1990s, wind, solar, geothermal, and alcohol fuels (corn ethanol) are developed as corruption schemes for politicians to channel US$ 100s of billions dollars government money to special interests while controlling political special interest US$ trillions within national hydrocarbon economies. The pretext is that renewable energy investments are a solution to global warming temperature increase. For more than three decades the pretext for not building nuclear facilities is that nuclear facilities are “unsafe.” The reality is green energy, hydrocarbon energy, and political special interests destroyed human races while nuclear energy could save human races.
2003 U.S. Energy Consumption by Major Sources (all energy sectors)
Left Democrat administration continues to tinker with government departments’ data and the reporting of national energy and global warming. All U.S. federal government data and reporting are now considered unreliable. Much of university and college global warming R&D is controlled by left Democrats through control of state and federal government grants and funding. Colleges, universities, and government departments’ reporting is considered unreliable when it comes to left Democrat foundation topics and social history. The Internet has and is being falsified to favor the causes of left Democrats. Media corporations are extremely politically biased, oriented to presenting the public with unrealistic biased views. A significant amount of left Democrat smoke and mirrors political misdirections has been directed at building up U.S. special interest funding for expanding “renewable alternative green energy.” In effect, since the early 1990s, left Democrat leadership are the cause of delaying real global warming responses.
With the exception of expanding nuclear power, all other U.S. national energy proposals and policies are NOT viable. U.S. energy policies simply do not reflect real clean energy needs and real energy growth demands. Life-cycle process of all human energies (except nuclear energy and hydroelectric) emit large amounts of carbon dioxide. For example, electric cars may require more coal plants. Proposals for alternative energy may also, like hydrogen, require more (coal) energy to produce than alternatives provide. Renewable energy does not provide net new jobs—replacing efficient energy with inefficient sources will no more advance the economy than replacing trucks with horses. Clean inexpensive nuclear energy CAN provide new jobs if political nuclear construction and operating costs are reduced for nuclear energy expansion and the replacement of existing dirty hydrocarbon energy sources. Added benefits of nuclear energy are it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and therefore reduces global warming temperature increase.
Unlike renewable energy, inexpensive nuclear energy is a tangible long-term economic stimulus. Inexpensive nuclear energy provides economies and increase employment while helping human races survival.
Expense of Renewable Energy Corruption
Since the 1990s, “renewable” has been promoted, costly, produced insignificant energy, increased global warming, and has been a vehicle for European-U.S. special interest political corruption. Politics and government associated with the global energy sector involving trillions of dollars annually is the makings of a global disaster.
As a result of their systemic deficiencies, alternative renewable green power sources require massive government subsidies in the form of tax breaks and requirements that utilities and public buy inefficient power.
Furthermore, while not reducing fossil fuel use, poorly run European “cap and trade” programs will effectively ration our primary hydrocarbon and nuclear energy sources, resulting in energy demands exceeding supplies. Alternative energy policies result in direct and indirect increased cost to the world economy, while producing very little energy and no net reduction of greenhouse gases. Congress and individual U.S. states make long-term energy rules that unnecessarily increase costs to industry rate payers.
Infrastructure coal plants and hydrocarbon extraction methods in countries of China, India, Europe, Canada, Russia, Japan and the U.S., and other nations are rapidly being constructed right now with the hydrocarbon infrastructure lasting at least another 50 years. Many nations are locking-in the global carbon budget. Infrastructure “carbon budget” lock, expected 2017, results in 2050-2099 human races termination.
World leaders are to rapidly reduce human carbon dioxide emissions prior to 2020 CE or human races terminate 2050-2099 CE.
Limited Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is “alternatives” to primary energy of petroleum, coal, natural gas, nuclear, and conventional hydroelectric. Renewable alternative green energies are costly and counter-productive to survival of human races. Nuclear energy is expandable with existing technology and resources nationally and globally. How much nuclear and how quickly nuclear energy is expanded defines how long humans survive.
In response to the global warming challenges, UN’s 1992 ‘Earth Summit’ formed the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that has helped create “alternative renewable energy” and political special interests. Green alternative has been promoted with U.S. Congressional legislation: U.S. ‘Energy Policy Act’ (1992), ‘Energy Policy Act’ (2005), and ‘American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’ (ARRA 2009). ARRA contains US$ 90 billion in alternative renewable green energy funding. In 2011, carbon cap-and-trade markets involving alternative renewable green energy across the world were valued at ₡ 96 billion euros (US$ 122.63 billion), up 4 percent on 2010. Shutdown of Yucca Mountain geologic nuclear repository identifies congressional left Democrat opposition to the U.S. nuclear industry. 1990s global political greed and corruption over took the 1960s concern about global warming.
Carbon cap-and-trade markets are trading paper to justify corruption of receiving taxpayer money for constructing hydrocarbon facilities with a promise of future reduced greenhouse gases. None of the cap-and-trade markets result in reduction of greenhouse gases. Carbon cap-and-trade markets are part of global political corruption involving multinational government supporters, the U.N., and US$ 100s billions in global warming funding going to special interest energy frauds. A large portion of ARRA (2009) US$ 90 billion alternative renewable green energy funding promotes global carbon cap-and-trade. Necessary expansion of nuclear energy has for decades been politically suppressed to continue political special interest frauds while expanding national hydrocarbon economies.
U.S. renewable Wood (2.1%), Waste (0.6%), Geothermal (0.3%), Alcohol Fuels (corn ethanol) (0.2%), Wind (0.1%), Solar (0.1%) provided a very small (total 3.4%) amount of energy to the 2003 energy consumed. Taxpayer and user costs for renewable energy are very large.
Biomass - Wood, waste, corn ethanol exceeding 2.7% of provided national energy is very unlikely. There are five basic categories of biomass material.
Ethanol - Corn requires 29% more fossil energy to produce corn ethanol than the corn-ethanol fuel returns. Switch grass-ethanol requires 45% more fossil energy and wood-biomass ethanol requires 57% more than the fuel returnes. In all cases of biomass energy, Earth’s carbon sinks quickly transfer carbon into the atmosphere and warms Earth. Ethanol energy yield per-volume is very low.
We are feeding cars corn that should be feeding people and reducing the cost of U.S. food stock. The grain required to fill an SUV tank with ethanol one time equals what a person eats in a year. About 40% of U.S. harvested corn feeds cars. It takes a great deal of groundwater irrigation water to make corn-ethanol. Groundwater reserves are generally being depleted from irrigation groundwater over drafting. Groundwater is being transferred to oceans via the hydrological cycle.
The government spends more than $3 billion a year to subsidize ethanol production while ethanol does not provide a net energy balance or gain, is not a renewable energy source, and is not an economical fuel. Ethanol production and use contribute to air, water, and soil pollution and global warming. The vast majority of the subsidies do not go to farmers but to large ethanol-producing corporations.
Ethanol fuel is widely used in Brazil and in the United States. Together both countries were responsible for 88 percent of the world's ethanol fuel production in 2010; U.S. with 13.2 billion U.S. liquid gallons (bg) (50 billion liters) and Brazil 6.92 bg (26.2 billion liters). 7 billion gallons of ethanol consumes 20% of 2007 corn production. U.S. corn ethanol in 2022 is legislated to burn about 43 billion gallons pre year, requiring about 123% of the U.S. farmland to produce.
The removal of large tracts of land from food production to make ethanol has dramatically raised world food prices by reducing supplies. There have been food riots, with millions of people exposed to hunger. Corn-ethanol is a “crime against humanity.” Ethanol from corn requires fertilizers that increase nitrous oxide emissions that are themselves greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, only more powerful. More frequent Gulf of Mexico huge hypoxia events are caused by increased corn-ethanol fertilization leaching into tributaries, Mississippi, and on to the Gulf. Riparian hypoxia is an increasing problem within all countries, coastlines, and oceans.
U.S. Congress is to eliminate ethanol requirements and reinstate gasoline additives MMT (methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl) and MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether).
Hydrogen - Hydrogen as a energy source is not freely available, but must be extracted from molecules such as water. To do so requires more energy than hydrogen product returns. Hydrogen is also flammable, hard to contain, and hard to transport.
Wind and Solar Energy - Thousands of wind turbines are required to provide the power of a standard fossil fuel or nuclear plant. Turbines must be spaced widely apart to prevent the air flow of one from interfering with that of the next, meaning that wind farms must consume hundreds of times the land that standard energy plants require. Wind farm siting must consider migratory bird flights. Solar and wind electrical power must be transported from energy farms to cities. Because wind and solar are highly variable source of energy, wind and solar energy must be backed by traditional base-load electrical sources.
Solar-panel energy farms work best in warm climates and with long hours of direct sunlight. Due to panel designs, manufacture, and installation, solar efficiencies can vary greatly with rapid reliability reductions of solar panel electrical output. Interestingly, environmentalists themselves have recently opposed these installations due to environmental damage and land requirements. Accumulations of installed solar and wind energy have significant unsolvable electrical synchronization issues with the nation’s standard base-load electrical generation.
Wind and solar are limited in capacity, reliability, locations, expandability, and connection to national base load generators.
Hydro power - River dams offer a modest contribution to national clean energy needs (about 2.8% at 2003 level), but the most productive sites are already used up, and dams radically alter the environment. Canada may offer additional hydrological sites along the north-south Rocky Mountain Range. However, hydroelectric water storage capacity can be quickly affected by climate changes.
Nuclear Energy - I see no alternatives to fossil fuels greenhouse gas emissions other than expanding nuclear energy. Because nuclear alone utilizes the energy in the nucleus of the atom, nuclear energy-yield exceeds fossil fuel yields by a factor of billions. Nuclear is about 8% of U.S. energy flow.
Nuclear plants are safer than coal plants and produce less radiation. Furthermore, they can directly produce electricity and power our cars by providing electricity for batteries, making a hydrogen infrastructure unnecessary. Nuclear energy is the only energy source suitable for large capacity desalination plants.
1, 2, 3 Steps to Rescue
Saving human races from 2050-2099 Christin Era (CE) global warming temperature increase involves three steps:
Step 1 - Acknowledge global warming temperature increase as a critical problem.
Increasing rate of natural and human greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane releases results in increased global average temperature that exceeds a life terminating temperature increase. Resulting is human races termination 2050-2099 CE with death of all who are now under the age of 30 years. Termination of all human life is a critical problem that might be resolved only by world leaders’ coordinated rapid responses.
Step 2 - Identify causes. Propose solutions.
Earth’s human survival is as a spaceship flying through space. Spaceship Earth life support system is a closed system with finite capacity to sustain a finite amount of human life over a decreasing lifespan, "We travel together, passengers on a little space ship, dependent on its vulnerable reserves of air and soil" -Adlai Stevenson (D), U.N. Ambassador, 1965
Causes - The predominant scientific opinion on global warming is that Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, caused by humans’ use of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and also deforestation, which increase human and natural atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.
1750 CE Industrial Age start was the start of massive amounts of human global warming gas carbon dioxide emissions. By 1866 CE, global warming accumulations of human gases produced a clear “thumbprint” of human impacts on “climate change.” Earth’s normal biosphere cycle of carbon dioxide had been exceeded. The population and gross domestic product (GDP) growth directly increased hydrocarbon (coal, oil, natural gas) energy consumed. The Arctic Region responded with natural global warming gas release of methane. Earth’s global warming temperature increased and has not stopped increasing. Current dip in human greenhouse gas emissions is the result of the global recession GDP drop.
Although it is not easy to know with precision how long it takes greenhouse gases to decrease their global warming properties by carbon cycle exchange, there are estimates. More than half of the carbon dioxide emitted is currently removed from the atmosphere within a century (giving carbon dioxide lifetime estimated in the order of 30–95 years) with some fraction (about 20%) of emitted carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. Molecule-for-molecule basis, the direct radiative effects of methane is about 72 times stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide over a 20 years. Reducing greenhouse gases over time to 1750 CE pre industrial levels will never be achieved as long as humans remain on Earth.
The global “carbon budget” is the balance of the exchanges (incomes and losses) of carbon between the carbon reservoirs or between one specific loop (e.g., atmosphere ↔ biosphere) of the carbon cycle. With accumulations of human/natural carbon dioxide, temperature increase, and deforestation; Earth is moving from a carbon-cycle sink to carbon source, which results in greater and more rapid global temperature increase.
Infrastructure coal, oil, and natural gas plants and hydrocarbon extraction methods in countries of China, India, Europe, Canada, Russia, Japan and the U.S., and other nations are rapidly being constructed right now. Nations are locking-in the global carbon budget. Nations’ economic hydrocarbon infrastructures are going to last more than 50 years; possibly longer than human races’ survive. Global carbon budget’s lock-in is expected around 2017 CE, which would result in human races termination 2050-2099 CE.
To avoid 2017 CE locking-in the global carbon budget, rapid and large expansion of nuclear energy replacing proposed and existing hydrocarbon facilities is required. Following is 2009 CE listing of annual carbon dioxide emissions estimates (in thousands of CO2 metric tonnes): China 7,037,864, United States 5,290,006, European Union 3,623,402, India 1,629,959, Russia 1,528,568, Japan 1,092,878, and Germany 755,140. Quickly reducing hydrocarbon economies emissions of global warming greenhouse gas is a very large political task.
Solution - Solution to global warming temperature increase is to reduce global warming by reducing human and natural greenhouse gas emissions.
Step 3 - Implement in a timely manor enough solutions to prevent human races destruction.
Prior to 2020 CE, world leaders are to rapidly reduce human carbon dioxide emissions, or human races terminate 2050-2099 CE. Since solutions for shifting away from national hydrocarbon economies was delayed more than three decades, implementing rapid solutions to save human races will cost many trillions U.S. dollars over many years.
The Accounting
The U.S. nuclear energy sector is a global asset too valuable to be run by politicians. No longer can human races survival depend upon the whims of appointed U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) politicians. The politically controlled untoward NRC are under complete control of CONGRESSIONAL left Democrat leadership. If human global greenhouse gases are to peak by 2020 and than be reduced, NRC members are to be fired now and replaced by three senior military nuclear representatives, one nuclear industry representative, and one representative appointed by the President.
There is no acceptable rational for government investments in alternative renewable green energy. Unfortunately, there are irrational biases against nuclear power by environmentalists, anti nukes, left and right politicians, and special interests widely opposed to nuclear energy, though some environmentalists are taking a second look. President Obama’s team is misrepresenting data to enhance left Democrat election chances, support special interest, and expand special interest political corruption.
Left Democrat’s 2009-2010 U.S. Congress achieved its legislated goals for advancing European-U.S. neo communism and global warming response. Holding onto left Democrat political gains, the 2011-2012 Congress was maneuvered by left Democrats into being a ‘do nothing Congress;’ certainly Washington DC is a dysfunctional left Democrat Obama administration and dysfunctional left Democrat Senate. To a large extent, Congressional global warming responses in 2012 determines who is elected November 2012.
All left Democrat politicians avoid responses that might shift the U.S. from its political special interests or from the U.S. hydrocarbon economy. Republicans are split on the global warming issues. Mr. Gingrich co-sponsored a 1989 bill stating that “climate change” was "resulting from human activities."
Human races terminate 2050-2099 CE, or world leaders reduce human carbon dioxide emissions prior to 2020 CE. Since the nuclear energy solutions necessary to shift away from national hydrocarbon economies was delayed for more than three decades; implementing rapid solutions to save human races will now cost trillions U.S. dollars for many years. Global warming temperature increase is a socially equal problem, there is no other choice but to accept a political priority for timely reduction of human greenhouse gas emissions.
Access to affordable energy is a key to any developed nation’s existence. Only increasing nuclear energy by 2020 CE can help human races survive the global warming temperature increase 2050-2099 CE.
President Obama proposed a Clean Energy Standard (CES) (March 21, 2011) to require that 80% of the nation’s electricity come from clean energy technologies by 2035. The U.S. Senate Energy and Natural Resources (ENR) Committee faced general policy identification threshold questions for electric base load and renewable energy sectors, and whether a CES would most effectively achieve them. President Obama’s CES standards would become part of the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA’s) long-term regulations.
President Obama did not create current left Democrat energy policies, those policies were there long before he came into office.
Clean Energy Standard (CES) (March 21, 2011) review request contains fraudulent data reporting. If that CES request was recorded in a U.S. stock market exchange, instead of within the left Democrat U.S. Senate, by omissions and misrepresentations the co conspirator authors would now be serving time in jail.
Misrepresentation Reporting of U.S. Energy Sector
Electrical energy flow consumed in 2002 U.S. used about: 54.4% coal, 21.2% nuclear, 3.5% natural gas, 8.5% renewable (renewable is identified as 6.5% hydroelectric, 2% biomass/other).
The CES data reported to be from the U.S. Energy Information Administration information identifies 2010 U.S. “domestic electricity generation was comprised of:” 45% coal, 25% natural gas, 20% nuclear, 10% renewable (renewable identified as hydroelectric power, wind, solar, geothermal, and biomass).
CES 2010 energy usage information is not correct: coal, natural gas, nuclear and renewable statements are improper. The left Democrat political movement is lying about energy usage and consider lies to continue Congressional opposition to global warming reform. Nuclear energy overstatement (8% vs 20%) identifies left Democrat’s reluctance to permit nuclear industry growth. Politicians misrepresenting U.S. energy data has several significant negative domestic and international repercussions, which leads to human life terminations.
When 2002 hydroelectric power 6.5% is excluded from overall 8.5% renewable energy, what is left is 2% portion of renewable energy. In spite of being very expensive, left Democrat promoted renewable energies do not produce any significant amounts of energy or reduction in global warming greenhouse gases.
Since the 1990s, wind, solar, geothermal, and alcohol fuels (corn ethanol) are developed as corruption schemes for politicians to channel US$ 100s of billions dollars government money to special interests while controlling political special interest US$ trillions within national hydrocarbon economies. The pretext is that renewable energy investments are a solution to global warming temperature increase. For more than three decades the pretext for not building nuclear facilities is that nuclear facilities are “unsafe.” The reality is green energy, hydrocarbon energy, and political special interests destroyed human races while nuclear energy could save human races.
2003 U.S. Energy Consumption by Major Sources (all energy sectors)
Petroleum 40%
Coal 23%
Natural Gas 23%
NUCLEAR 8% (Recently there have been misreporting of U.S. nuclear energy share. U.S. nuclear is less than 20% of total U.S. electrical output; it is more like 8%.)
*Renewable as Share of Total Energy 6%
*Conventional Hydroelectric ~45% of Renewable 6% share (hydroelectric is largely dependent upon annual water supplies)
*Wood 34%
*Waste 9% (started in 1980s - municipal solid waste, landfill methane gas, sludge, tires, agricultural byproducts, and other biomass)
*Geothermal 5%
*Alcohol Fuels 5% (Corn ethanol funding started 1992)
*Wind 2%
*Solar 1%
Left Democrat administration continues to tinker with government departments’ data and the reporting of national energy and global warming. All U.S. federal government data and reporting are now considered unreliable. Much of university and college global warming R&D is controlled by left Democrats through control of state and federal government grants and funding. Colleges, universities, and government departments’ reporting is considered unreliable when it comes to left Democrat foundation topics and social history. The Internet has and is being falsified to favor the causes of left Democrats. Media corporations are extremely politically biased, oriented to presenting the public with unrealistic biased views. A significant amount of left Democrat smoke and mirrors political misdirections has been directed at building up U.S. special interest funding for expanding “renewable alternative green energy.” In effect, since the early 1990s, left Democrat leadership are the cause of delaying real global warming responses.
With the exception of expanding nuclear power, all other U.S. national energy proposals and policies are NOT viable. U.S. energy policies simply do not reflect real clean energy needs and real energy growth demands. Life-cycle process of all human energies (except nuclear energy and hydroelectric) emit large amounts of carbon dioxide. For example, electric cars may require more coal plants. Proposals for alternative energy may also, like hydrogen, require more (coal) energy to produce than alternatives provide. Renewable energy does not provide net new jobs—replacing efficient energy with inefficient sources will no more advance the economy than replacing trucks with horses. Clean inexpensive nuclear energy CAN provide new jobs if political nuclear construction and operating costs are reduced for nuclear energy expansion and the replacement of existing dirty hydrocarbon energy sources. Added benefits of nuclear energy are it reduces greenhouse gas emissions and therefore reduces global warming temperature increase.
Unlike renewable energy, inexpensive nuclear energy is a tangible long-term economic stimulus. Inexpensive nuclear energy provides economies and increase employment while helping human races survival.
Expense of Renewable Energy Corruption
Since the 1990s, “renewable” has been promoted, costly, produced insignificant energy, increased global warming, and has been a vehicle for European-U.S. special interest political corruption. Politics and government associated with the global energy sector involving trillions of dollars annually is the makings of a global disaster.
As a result of their systemic deficiencies, alternative renewable green power sources require massive government subsidies in the form of tax breaks and requirements that utilities and public buy inefficient power.
Furthermore, while not reducing fossil fuel use, poorly run European “cap and trade” programs will effectively ration our primary hydrocarbon and nuclear energy sources, resulting in energy demands exceeding supplies. Alternative energy policies result in direct and indirect increased cost to the world economy, while producing very little energy and no net reduction of greenhouse gases. Congress and individual U.S. states make long-term energy rules that unnecessarily increase costs to industry rate payers.
Infrastructure coal plants and hydrocarbon extraction methods in countries of China, India, Europe, Canada, Russia, Japan and the U.S., and other nations are rapidly being constructed right now with the hydrocarbon infrastructure lasting at least another 50 years. Many nations are locking-in the global carbon budget. Infrastructure “carbon budget” lock, expected 2017, results in 2050-2099 human races termination.
World leaders are to rapidly reduce human carbon dioxide emissions prior to 2020 CE or human races terminate 2050-2099 CE.
Limited Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is “alternatives” to primary energy of petroleum, coal, natural gas, nuclear, and conventional hydroelectric. Renewable alternative green energies are costly and counter-productive to survival of human races. Nuclear energy is expandable with existing technology and resources nationally and globally. How much nuclear and how quickly nuclear energy is expanded defines how long humans survive.
In response to the global warming challenges, UN’s 1992 ‘Earth Summit’ formed the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) that has helped create “alternative renewable energy” and political special interests. Green alternative has been promoted with U.S. Congressional legislation: U.S. ‘Energy Policy Act’ (1992), ‘Energy Policy Act’ (2005), and ‘American Recovery and Reinvestment Act’ (ARRA 2009). ARRA contains US$ 90 billion in alternative renewable green energy funding. In 2011, carbon cap-and-trade markets involving alternative renewable green energy across the world were valued at ₡ 96 billion euros (US$ 122.63 billion), up 4 percent on 2010. Shutdown of Yucca Mountain geologic nuclear repository identifies congressional left Democrat opposition to the U.S. nuclear industry. 1990s global political greed and corruption over took the 1960s concern about global warming.
Carbon cap-and-trade markets are trading paper to justify corruption of receiving taxpayer money for constructing hydrocarbon facilities with a promise of future reduced greenhouse gases. None of the cap-and-trade markets result in reduction of greenhouse gases. Carbon cap-and-trade markets are part of global political corruption involving multinational government supporters, the U.N., and US$ 100s billions in global warming funding going to special interest energy frauds. A large portion of ARRA (2009) US$ 90 billion alternative renewable green energy funding promotes global carbon cap-and-trade. Necessary expansion of nuclear energy has for decades been politically suppressed to continue political special interest frauds while expanding national hydrocarbon economies.
U.S. renewable Wood (2.1%), Waste (0.6%), Geothermal (0.3%), Alcohol Fuels (corn ethanol) (0.2%), Wind (0.1%), Solar (0.1%) provided a very small (total 3.4%) amount of energy to the 2003 energy consumed. Taxpayer and user costs for renewable energy are very large.
Biomass - Wood, waste, corn ethanol exceeding 2.7% of provided national energy is very unlikely. There are five basic categories of biomass material.
⇛ Wood - Virgin wood, from forestry, arbour cultural activities or from wood processing
⇛ Waste - Agricultural residues: residues from agriculture harvesting or processing
⇛ Waste - Food waste, from food and drink manufacture, preparation and processing, and post-consumer waste
⇛ Waste - Industrial waste and co-products from manufacturing and industrial processes
⇛ Ethanol - Energy crops: high yield crops grown specifically for energy applications
Ethanol - Corn requires 29% more fossil energy to produce corn ethanol than the corn-ethanol fuel returns. Switch grass-ethanol requires 45% more fossil energy and wood-biomass ethanol requires 57% more than the fuel returnes. In all cases of biomass energy, Earth’s carbon sinks quickly transfer carbon into the atmosphere and warms Earth. Ethanol energy yield per-volume is very low.
We are feeding cars corn that should be feeding people and reducing the cost of U.S. food stock. The grain required to fill an SUV tank with ethanol one time equals what a person eats in a year. About 40% of U.S. harvested corn feeds cars. It takes a great deal of groundwater irrigation water to make corn-ethanol. Groundwater reserves are generally being depleted from irrigation groundwater over drafting. Groundwater is being transferred to oceans via the hydrological cycle.
The government spends more than $3 billion a year to subsidize ethanol production while ethanol does not provide a net energy balance or gain, is not a renewable energy source, and is not an economical fuel. Ethanol production and use contribute to air, water, and soil pollution and global warming. The vast majority of the subsidies do not go to farmers but to large ethanol-producing corporations.
Ethanol fuel is widely used in Brazil and in the United States. Together both countries were responsible for 88 percent of the world's ethanol fuel production in 2010; U.S. with 13.2 billion U.S. liquid gallons (bg) (50 billion liters) and Brazil 6.92 bg (26.2 billion liters). 7 billion gallons of ethanol consumes 20% of 2007 corn production. U.S. corn ethanol in 2022 is legislated to burn about 43 billion gallons pre year, requiring about 123% of the U.S. farmland to produce.
The removal of large tracts of land from food production to make ethanol has dramatically raised world food prices by reducing supplies. There have been food riots, with millions of people exposed to hunger. Corn-ethanol is a “crime against humanity.” Ethanol from corn requires fertilizers that increase nitrous oxide emissions that are themselves greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, only more powerful. More frequent Gulf of Mexico huge hypoxia events are caused by increased corn-ethanol fertilization leaching into tributaries, Mississippi, and on to the Gulf. Riparian hypoxia is an increasing problem within all countries, coastlines, and oceans.
U.S. Congress is to eliminate ethanol requirements and reinstate gasoline additives MMT (methyl cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl) and MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether).
Hydrogen - Hydrogen as a energy source is not freely available, but must be extracted from molecules such as water. To do so requires more energy than hydrogen product returns. Hydrogen is also flammable, hard to contain, and hard to transport.
Wind and Solar Energy - Thousands of wind turbines are required to provide the power of a standard fossil fuel or nuclear plant. Turbines must be spaced widely apart to prevent the air flow of one from interfering with that of the next, meaning that wind farms must consume hundreds of times the land that standard energy plants require. Wind farm siting must consider migratory bird flights. Solar and wind electrical power must be transported from energy farms to cities. Because wind and solar are highly variable source of energy, wind and solar energy must be backed by traditional base-load electrical sources.
Solar-panel energy farms work best in warm climates and with long hours of direct sunlight. Due to panel designs, manufacture, and installation, solar efficiencies can vary greatly with rapid reliability reductions of solar panel electrical output. Interestingly, environmentalists themselves have recently opposed these installations due to environmental damage and land requirements. Accumulations of installed solar and wind energy have significant unsolvable electrical synchronization issues with the nation’s standard base-load electrical generation.
Wind and solar are limited in capacity, reliability, locations, expandability, and connection to national base load generators.
Hydro power - River dams offer a modest contribution to national clean energy needs (about 2.8% at 2003 level), but the most productive sites are already used up, and dams radically alter the environment. Canada may offer additional hydrological sites along the north-south Rocky Mountain Range. However, hydroelectric water storage capacity can be quickly affected by climate changes.
Nuclear Energy - I see no alternatives to fossil fuels greenhouse gas emissions other than expanding nuclear energy. Because nuclear alone utilizes the energy in the nucleus of the atom, nuclear energy-yield exceeds fossil fuel yields by a factor of billions. Nuclear is about 8% of U.S. energy flow.
Nuclear plants are safer than coal plants and produce less radiation. Furthermore, they can directly produce electricity and power our cars by providing electricity for batteries, making a hydrogen infrastructure unnecessary. Nuclear energy is the only energy source suitable for large capacity desalination plants.
1, 2, 3 Steps to Rescue
Saving human races from 2050-2099 Christin Era (CE) global warming temperature increase involves three steps:
Step 1 - Acknowledge global warming temperature increase as a critical problem.
Step 2 - Identify causes. Propose solutions.
Step 3 - Implement in enough solutions a timely manor to prevent human races destruction.
Step 1 - Acknowledge global warming temperature increase as a critical problem.
Increasing rate of natural and human greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane releases results in increased global average temperature that exceeds a life terminating temperature increase. Resulting is human races termination 2050-2099 CE with death of all who are now under the age of 30 years. Termination of all human life is a critical problem that might be resolved only by world leaders’ coordinated rapid responses.
Step 2 - Identify causes. Propose solutions.
Earth’s human survival is as a spaceship flying through space. Spaceship Earth life support system is a closed system with finite capacity to sustain a finite amount of human life over a decreasing lifespan, "We travel together, passengers on a little space ship, dependent on its vulnerable reserves of air and soil" -Adlai Stevenson (D), U.N. Ambassador, 1965
Causes - The predominant scientific opinion on global warming is that Earth's climate system is unequivocally warming, caused by humans’ use of fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas) and also deforestation, which increase human and natural atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases.
1750 CE Industrial Age start was the start of massive amounts of human global warming gas carbon dioxide emissions. By 1866 CE, global warming accumulations of human gases produced a clear “thumbprint” of human impacts on “climate change.” Earth’s normal biosphere cycle of carbon dioxide had been exceeded. The population and gross domestic product (GDP) growth directly increased hydrocarbon (coal, oil, natural gas) energy consumed. The Arctic Region responded with natural global warming gas release of methane. Earth’s global warming temperature increased and has not stopped increasing. Current dip in human greenhouse gas emissions is the result of the global recession GDP drop.
Although it is not easy to know with precision how long it takes greenhouse gases to decrease their global warming properties by carbon cycle exchange, there are estimates. More than half of the carbon dioxide emitted is currently removed from the atmosphere within a century (giving carbon dioxide lifetime estimated in the order of 30–95 years) with some fraction (about 20%) of emitted carbon dioxide remains in the atmosphere for many thousands of years. Molecule-for-molecule basis, the direct radiative effects of methane is about 72 times stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide over a 20 years. Reducing greenhouse gases over time to 1750 CE pre industrial levels will never be achieved as long as humans remain on Earth.
The global “carbon budget” is the balance of the exchanges (incomes and losses) of carbon between the carbon reservoirs or between one specific loop (e.g., atmosphere ↔ biosphere) of the carbon cycle. With accumulations of human/natural carbon dioxide, temperature increase, and deforestation; Earth is moving from a carbon-cycle sink to carbon source, which results in greater and more rapid global temperature increase.
Infrastructure coal, oil, and natural gas plants and hydrocarbon extraction methods in countries of China, India, Europe, Canada, Russia, Japan and the U.S., and other nations are rapidly being constructed right now. Nations are locking-in the global carbon budget. Nations’ economic hydrocarbon infrastructures are going to last more than 50 years; possibly longer than human races’ survive. Global carbon budget’s lock-in is expected around 2017 CE, which would result in human races termination 2050-2099 CE.
To avoid 2017 CE locking-in the global carbon budget, rapid and large expansion of nuclear energy replacing proposed and existing hydrocarbon facilities is required. Following is 2009 CE listing of annual carbon dioxide emissions estimates (in thousands of CO2 metric tonnes): China 7,037,864, United States 5,290,006, European Union 3,623,402, India 1,629,959, Russia 1,528,568, Japan 1,092,878, and Germany 755,140. Quickly reducing hydrocarbon economies emissions of global warming greenhouse gas is a very large political task.
Solution - Solution to global warming temperature increase is to reduce global warming by reducing human and natural greenhouse gas emissions.
Step 3 - Implement in a timely manor enough solutions to prevent human races destruction.
Prior to 2020 CE, world leaders are to rapidly reduce human carbon dioxide emissions, or human races terminate 2050-2099 CE. Since solutions for shifting away from national hydrocarbon economies was delayed more than three decades, implementing rapid solutions to save human races will cost many trillions U.S. dollars over many years.
The Accounting
The U.S. nuclear energy sector is a global asset too valuable to be run by politicians. No longer can human races survival depend upon the whims of appointed U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) politicians. The politically controlled untoward NRC are under complete control of CONGRESSIONAL left Democrat leadership. If human global greenhouse gases are to peak by 2020 and than be reduced, NRC members are to be fired now and replaced by three senior military nuclear representatives, one nuclear industry representative, and one representative appointed by the President.
There is no acceptable rational for government investments in alternative renewable green energy. Unfortunately, there are irrational biases against nuclear power by environmentalists, anti nukes, left and right politicians, and special interests widely opposed to nuclear energy, though some environmentalists are taking a second look. President Obama’s team is misrepresenting data to enhance left Democrat election chances, support special interest, and expand special interest political corruption.
Left Democrat’s 2009-2010 U.S. Congress achieved its legislated goals for advancing European-U.S. neo communism and global warming response. Holding onto left Democrat political gains, the 2011-2012 Congress was maneuvered by left Democrats into being a ‘do nothing Congress;’ certainly Washington DC is a dysfunctional left Democrat Obama administration and dysfunctional left Democrat Senate. To a large extent, Congressional global warming responses in 2012 determines who is elected November 2012.
All left Democrat politicians avoid responses that might shift the U.S. from its political special interests or from the U.S. hydrocarbon economy. Republicans are split on the global warming issues. Mr. Gingrich co-sponsored a 1989 bill stating that “climate change” was "resulting from human activities."
Human races terminate 2050-2099 CE, or world leaders reduce human carbon dioxide emissions prior to 2020 CE. Since the nuclear energy solutions necessary to shift away from national hydrocarbon economies was delayed for more than three decades; implementing rapid solutions to save human races will now cost trillions U.S. dollars for many years. Global warming temperature increase is a socially equal problem, there is no other choice but to accept a political priority for timely reduction of human greenhouse gas emissions.
