Existing global warming temperature increase projections identifies end of human races 2050-2099 CE, but most likely 2050-2055 CE.
The EU climate protection target - the 2 oC limit - established by the EU Governments in 1996 and reaffirmed since then by the Environment Council 2003, and European Council, 2005, 2007 CE. Since the 1990s, Europe-U.S. politicians locked-in funding “alternative fuels renewable green energy,” eliminating nuclear energy, and retaining coal economies. China-India governments are also facing hydrocarbon “infrastructure lock-in.” Key issues to curbing global warming “infrastructure lock-in” of the “carbon budget” is to reverse damage done by 260-years of using hydrocarbon energy. Carbon budget refers to the contribution of various sources of carbon dioxide on the planet. Carbon budget has nothing to do with political agendas, climate change legislation, carbon controls, carbon storage, the economy, or geopolitical carbon footprint. Carbon budget is a physical event. Infrastructure coal plants and oil extraction methods in countries of China, India, Europe, Russia, Canada, the U.S., and other nations are rapidly being constructed right now. Note that the term "carbon (C)" is inclusive of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4); methane has a much larger 20-year, 100-year, and 500-year global warming potential than that of carbon dioxide. Once we edge near carbon dioxide level of 450 ppm it becomes imposable to turn off the global warming effects of the 1750 Christian Era (CE) to date hydrocarbon energy used (coal, oil, natural gas) and natural methane/carbon dioxide release. The IEA found we are about five years away from building enough carbon-spewing infrastructures to lock-in a hydrocarbon infrastructure and make it extremely difficult — if not impossible — to avoid greatly exceeding 450-ppm carbon dioxide (CO2 at 450-ppm is the 2 oC limit). Global warming carbon “infrastructure lock-in” is around 2017 CE.
Historical Global Warming
To have any reasonable 70% chance of avoiding destruction of human races 2050-2055, global human and natural greenhouse gas emissions are to peak by 2015-2020. If not now corrected, it is almost certain human races will end around 2050-2055. What happens after 2055 end of human races is of little interest. However, some people might want to know what they are missing.
55.8 million years ago -- Caused by excessive human carbon dioxide emissions since 1750 CE and resulting methane emissions - Earth's global warming is similar to Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) event of about 55.8 million years ago (Ma), when Pangaea was splitting into separate continents. Within PETM, natural volcanic gases and natural ocean methane clathrates and volcanic carbon dioxide release dominate temperature change rates. Huge amounts of carbon and methane were released into atmosphere and from carbon cycle. PETM globe warmed 5 to 9°C (9 to 16°F). A major difference between current Modern Global Warming Era temperature increase event and PETM is that current temperature increase during beginning stages is about 15 times faster (and accelerating) than PETM event. Global temperature increase is projected to be too fast for Earth or human ecosystems to adapt.
In 2010, our fossil fuel burning released 35 billion tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. By comparison, volcanoes now release about 0.2 billion tons of carbon dioxide per year. How fast carbon and methane enters atmosphere translates to how fast temperature increases after delays. Environmental and societal consequences of warming at such a speed will be devastating.
PETM temperature rose steadily with slow release of greenhouse gas. Today, fossil fuel burning releases carbon about fifteen times greater than PETM, driving global temperature up at an incredible rate. A corresponding rapid increase in powerful methane global warming occurs. Methane also has regional positive warming properties that makes methane an exceptional global warming gas.
Many of the other natural climate feedbacks that we either already observe today or expect to experience probably took place during the PETM warming, as well. Severe drought would have led to increased wildfires (such as would occur within Amazon), injecting more carbon into the atmosphere. Research shows that permafrost on a then glacier-free Antarctica thawed, which would have also released carbon dioxide and methane. Another interesting source of carbon that some scientists hypothesize is burning of peat and coal seams. Peat is decayed vegetation and has a very high carbon content that also releases methane. Peat, which is found in the soil beneath the surface, can be ignited by something like a wildfire and continue to smolder for as long as centuries. Coal seams can be ignited in a similar way, and burn for decades to centuries, releasing huge amounts of carbon into atmosphere.
252.28 million years ago -- Atmospheric gas composition, physical properties, and quantities determine rate of Earth’s global warming properties. Within End-Permian Mass Extinction Period 252.28 Ma, natural volcanic gases and natural ocean methane clathrates and carbon dioxide release dominate temperature change rates (vented from volcanic Siberian Traps). However, within Modern Global Warming, human hydrocarbon economy energy use (coal, oil, natural gas) and responding natural ocean methane clathrates and carbon dioxide release dominate temperature change rates.
A major difference between Modern Global Warming temperature increase event and End-Permian Mass Extinction 252.28 Ma is that Modern Global Warming Era temperature increase during the beginning stages is ALSO about 15 times faster than the End-Permian Period and there are more than 9 billion people involved who depend upon potable water and global environment resources.
Modern Global Warming Era is an accelerated End-Permian Mass Extinction, about which no one survives global warming temperature increase.
Interglacial Cycles -- Natural historical Earth interglacial temperature cycles result from natural carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) levels that are determined by changes of the sun’s relative position to earth orbit (described by Milankovitch Cycle orbital variations and occasional increased volcanic activity). A 1976 CE study, published in the journal Science examined deep-sea sediment cores and found that Milankovich's theory corresponded to periods of global warming and cooling.
Indeed, ice ages had occurred when the earth was going through different stages of orbital variation. Resulting from current greenhouse gas emissions, “natural” earth temperature interglacial cooling cycle will not occur again for millions of years.
Natural historical Earth interglacial cycles are ~100,000-year temperature cycles. Current Milankovitch Cycle is now driven by ~250 years of human hydrocarbon energy (coal, oil, natural gas) activity that produces human and natural greenhouse gas emissions. Today's human "climate increase" is about 100 times faster than Milankovitch Cycle "natural change."
Modern Global Warming
Since ambient 1750 CE pre industrial times, Modern Global Warming concentrations of greenhouse gases has increased significantly. Greenhouse gas increased above natural global warming concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) is increased ~39% and methane (CH4) concentration is increased ~164%. 1750 CE tropospheric concentration greenhouse concentrations levels were 280 ppm and interglacial methane peak levels 700 ppb. Carbon dioxide concentrations levels are ~390 ppm and for methane are ~1,850 ppb.
Very huge deposits of Arctic Region methane clathrate (or methane hydrates) results from millions of years of natural leaking oil and natural gas deposits and degradation of organic compound methane (CH4) (methane clathrate is about 85% natural gas). Methane is 105 times worse than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas (GHG) on a 20-year period, taking aerosol impacts into account. If methane clathrate gun triggers due to warming Arctic Ocean currents, Earth’s temperature could rapidly rises tens of degrees.
Tools for assessing the expected climate effects of actual levels of human-made and natural changes of atmospheric composition include (1) Earth's paleoclimate history, showing how climate responded in the past to changes of boundary conditions including atmospheric composition, (2) modern climate change, especially global satellite observations, coincident with rapidly changing human-made and natural climate forcings, and (3) climate models and theory, which aid interpretation of observations and are useful for projecting future climate/temperature under realistic most probable to 2099 CE human and natural temperature forcing scenarios.
Stresses of increased populations, increased hydrocarbon energy use, increased gross domestic product (GDP), increased natural methane release, and resulting increased global temperatures is evident. Most probable projections over time include uncontrolled population growth, limited technology changes, limited changes to energy use, critical political decisions not made, limited funding for effective clean nuclear energy, and several proposed impossible legislated changes to fundamental laws of physics by untoward politicians and surrogates. Not yet proposed are changes to global warming business as usual politics.
In 1970s, U.S. nuclear energy facilities were capped to assure about 80% of electrical energy supplied would be from hydrocarbon energy. By 1980s, it was well known that global warming was a growing problem. In 1990s - 2010s, politics gamed global warming responses to increase profits from "green" alternatives to nuclear energy. Congressional responses to global warming temperature increase remain sidetracked for continued political and special interest corruption, payoffs, and political control of national and global hydrocarbon energy sectors. While reviewing global warming articles, care should be taken because there are many intentional deceptively written materials and presenters.
Can human races be saved from 2050-2099 CE destruction? Not without willing politicians and a great deal of time and material spent on nuclear clean energy investments between now and 2017 CE carbon infrastructure lock in of global carbon budget. Since there is no functioning organization or system (except for U.S. military and intelligence services) that is capable of directing necessary changeover to clean nuclear energy, most likely human races end date is 2050-2055 CE.
Increasing atmospheric natural and human (anthropomorphic) greenhouse gases (GHGs) result in a cataclysmic global temperature increase. The first step to a solution is to acknowledge that global warming temperature increases result in human races’ life or death epic destiny. Without a world leader who will resolve implementing effective global warming mitigation, the human races and their economies terminate 2050-2099 CE -- but more closely to 2050-2055 CE.
Showing posts with label Siberian Traps. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Siberian Traps. Show all posts
Saturday, March 31, 2012
Can human races be saved from 2050-2099 CE destruction?
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Thursday, January 19, 2012
Global Warming - Beginning, Middle, End
Rev 20 Jan 2012
It is the accumulation of increasing atmospheric global warming greenhouse gases that result in global warming temperature increase. Major components of greenhouses are carbon dioxide (CH4) and methane (CH4).
Some scientists raised the alarm that large quantities of methane might be liberated by widespread destabilization of climate-sensitive gas methane clathrate (aka, hydrate) deposits trapped in marine and permafrost-associated sediments. Even if only a fraction of the liberated methane were to reach the atmosphere, the potency of methane as a greenhouse gas and the persistence of its carbon dioxide oxidation product (CO2) heightens concerns that gas clathrate dissociation could represent a slow geologic tipping point for Earth's contemporary period of global warming. However, in human race terms, current global warming rate-of-increase is not slow; but it is about ten times faster than the beginning of the End-Permian Mass Extinction 252.28 Ma, which is the greatest recorded geologic mass extinction event. (Ma - megaannum is a unit of time equal to one million years)
The 1750 Christan Era (CE) Industrial Age start of global warming gases (GHGs) methane and carbon dioxide have accumulated within the atmosphere in massive amounts. By 1866 CE, the combination of natural and human GHG accumulations influences global temperature increase produces a clear “thumbprint” of human impacts on climate change. Concentrations of atmospheric GHGs and their radiative forcing and other factors have continued to increase as a result of human activity. Scientists suggest that left unchecked, too soon Modern Global Warming accumulated warming forces will exceed natural carbon dioxide and methane heating effects produced by the 252.28 Ma Siberian Traps volcanic eruptions.
Paris based International Energy Agency’s (IEA) new “World Energy Outlook, 2011” (WEO 2011) report states key issues to curbing global warming “infrastructure lock-in” of the “carbon budget.” Carbon budget refers to the contribution of various sources of carbon dioxide on the planet. Infrastructure coal plants and oil extraction methods in countries of China, India, Europe, Canada, the U.S., and other nations are rapidly being constructed right now. This hydrocarbon infrastructure is going to last another 50 years plus, at least. Those nations and others are “locking-in the global carbon budget.”
Following table is listing 2009 CE annual carbon dioxide emissions estimates (in thousands of CO2 metric tonnes): China 7,037,864, United States, European Union 3,623,402, India 1,629,959, Russia 1,528,568, Japan 1,092,878, Germany 755,140. Without a rapid and large expansion of nuclear energy replacing proposed and existing hydrocarbon facilities, there will be a 2017 CE “locking-in the global carbon budget.”
There is a large time lag to rebuild current hydrocarbon infrastructure into new clean energy infrastructure that results in a Earth temperature-decrease responses to emitted greenhouse gases. Once we edge near carbon dioxide level of 450 ppm it becomes imposable to turn off the global warming effects of the 1750 CE to date hydrocarbon energy used (coal, oil, natural gas) and natural Arctic methane/carbon dioxide release. The IEA found we are about five years away from building enough carbon-spewing infrastructures to lock-in a hydrocarbon infrastructure and make it extremely difficult — if not impossible — to avoid greatly exceeding 450-ppm carbon dioxide. The point of global warming no-return comes around 2017 CE.
Because of 250 years of growing human carbon dioxide emissions, Earth’s temperature increase exceeds life terminating +5 oC at 2050-2099 CE. Natural Arctic triggered “methane clathrate gun effect” will force a faster rate of temperature increase. That is, Earth’s temperature exceeds +5 oC sooner with increased atmospheric methane content than with carbon dioxide emissions alone. Estimates to “turn off” the methane clathrate gun are to be reviewed. Human races-end depends upon the established regional and global temperature ranges.
Since ambient 1750 CE pre industrial times, Modern Global Warming concentrations of greenhouse gases has increased significantly. Greenhouse gas increased above natural global warming concentration of carbon dioxide is increased ~39% and methane concentration is increased ~164%. Greenhouse concentrations 1750 CE levels were historic carbon dioxide peak levels of ~280 ppm and interglacial methane peak levels of ~700 ppb. Current concentrations levels are carbon dioxide (~390 ppm) and methane (~1,850 ppb). The Methane concentration increase of ~164% is very disturbing; indicated is that the Arctic Ocean surface to mid-depth temperatures have increased causing weakening of the methane clathrate cap-over-sediments. Global warming is a matter of understanding projected events based upon past and current events. The Arctic methane is now entering the atmosphere; as Arctic and global temperatures increase, methane releases increases, thus increasing global temperatures to End-Permian Mass Extinction 252.28 Ma levels.
Technically the current East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) sediments are identified within the below Science abstract.
A non technical article of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) methane location is identified below.
It appears there are NO technical articles available that identify Arctic northern Canada and Alaskan sea shoreline methane venting into the atmosphere; which is an indication North American politicians control of funding for science education and research. To achieve covert political ends, untoward politicians control large funding and responses through selected small government funding of education and R&D institutions. Arctic northern Canada, U.S., Greenland, Norway, and Russian sea shoreline methane venting are within the continental boundaries and need to be part of national greenhouse gas emissions inventory. Antarctica is another region of methane emissions interest.
Necessary planned successful responses to global warming temperature increase are essential, many, and varied and involve lives of more than 9 billion people 2050 CE. No national leader (excepting China government's "Second National Assessment Report on Climate Change, 2011") has established a viable national or multinational response plan to counter global warming temperature increase. No nation maintains a viable organization to respond to countering global warming temperature increase. U.S. political responses to global warming are chaotic and global warming is at the crisis point.
It is necessary to stop human greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Over time, by stopping human GHGs there occurs temperature stabilization (i.e., atmospheric GHGs concentrations match systems of natural methane/carbon dioxide feedback). There are only three anthropological avenues available that might alter the course global warming, environmental, and human events: ● Stop (extremely limit) using hydrocarbon energy (coal, oil, natural gas) ● Modify land, groundwater, and sea use practices ● Limit and reduce the size of the human population rate-of-growth. Implementation of some form of geoengineering is to be considered. Extremely limiting use of hydrocarbon energy is the most feasible and timely action that may reduce global warming temperature increase.
As a political ploy to remain dependent upon hydrocarbon economies, Europe-U.S. politicians are locked into funding “alternative fuels renewable energy” and are eliminating nuclear energy. China-India governments are building 2017 CE "carbon budget infrastructure lock-in” with their greatly expand hydrocarbon based economies. Before 2020 CE, to save the human races involves significant reductions of human carbon dioxide emissions, which costs several trillions US dollars. China has introduced its nuclear construction program; but it may be too little too late.
China has built hundreds of new coal fired electrical generators to support their years of economic expansion. China's greenhouse gas emissions are likely to start falling only after 2030 CE. India needs help to reduce carbon their emissions. The U.S. politicians will not reduce global warming emissions prior to 2030 CE; well beyond 2017 CE tripping point of carbon budget infrastructure lock-in. Changing political dynamics poses the major obstacle to changing national hydrocarbon economies to that of hydrocarbon-free economies. Without actual global energy-use changes there is no hope for human races, they end 2050-2099 CE.
It is the accumulation of increasing atmospheric global warming greenhouse gases that result in global warming temperature increase. Major components of greenhouses are carbon dioxide (CH4) and methane (CH4).
Some scientists raised the alarm that large quantities of methane might be liberated by widespread destabilization of climate-sensitive gas methane clathrate (aka, hydrate) deposits trapped in marine and permafrost-associated sediments. Even if only a fraction of the liberated methane were to reach the atmosphere, the potency of methane as a greenhouse gas and the persistence of its carbon dioxide oxidation product (CO2) heightens concerns that gas clathrate dissociation could represent a slow geologic tipping point for Earth's contemporary period of global warming. However, in human race terms, current global warming rate-of-increase is not slow; but it is about ten times faster than the beginning of the End-Permian Mass Extinction 252.28 Ma, which is the greatest recorded geologic mass extinction event. (Ma - megaannum is a unit of time equal to one million years)
The 1750 Christan Era (CE) Industrial Age start of global warming gases (GHGs) methane and carbon dioxide have accumulated within the atmosphere in massive amounts. By 1866 CE, the combination of natural and human GHG accumulations influences global temperature increase produces a clear “thumbprint” of human impacts on climate change. Concentrations of atmospheric GHGs and their radiative forcing and other factors have continued to increase as a result of human activity. Scientists suggest that left unchecked, too soon Modern Global Warming accumulated warming forces will exceed natural carbon dioxide and methane heating effects produced by the 252.28 Ma Siberian Traps volcanic eruptions.
Paris based International Energy Agency’s (IEA) new “World Energy Outlook, 2011” (WEO 2011) report states key issues to curbing global warming “infrastructure lock-in” of the “carbon budget.” Carbon budget refers to the contribution of various sources of carbon dioxide on the planet. Infrastructure coal plants and oil extraction methods in countries of China, India, Europe, Canada, the U.S., and other nations are rapidly being constructed right now. This hydrocarbon infrastructure is going to last another 50 years plus, at least. Those nations and others are “locking-in the global carbon budget.”
Following table is listing 2009 CE annual carbon dioxide emissions estimates (in thousands of CO2 metric tonnes): China 7,037,864, United States, European Union 3,623,402, India 1,629,959, Russia 1,528,568, Japan 1,092,878, Germany 755,140. Without a rapid and large expansion of nuclear energy replacing proposed and existing hydrocarbon facilities, there will be a 2017 CE “locking-in the global carbon budget.”
There is a large time lag to rebuild current hydrocarbon infrastructure into new clean energy infrastructure that results in a Earth temperature-decrease responses to emitted greenhouse gases. Once we edge near carbon dioxide level of 450 ppm it becomes imposable to turn off the global warming effects of the 1750 CE to date hydrocarbon energy used (coal, oil, natural gas) and natural Arctic methane/carbon dioxide release. The IEA found we are about five years away from building enough carbon-spewing infrastructures to lock-in a hydrocarbon infrastructure and make it extremely difficult — if not impossible — to avoid greatly exceeding 450-ppm carbon dioxide. The point of global warming no-return comes around 2017 CE.
Because of 250 years of growing human carbon dioxide emissions, Earth’s temperature increase exceeds life terminating +5 oC at 2050-2099 CE. Natural Arctic triggered “methane clathrate gun effect” will force a faster rate of temperature increase. That is, Earth’s temperature exceeds +5 oC sooner with increased atmospheric methane content than with carbon dioxide emissions alone. Estimates to “turn off” the methane clathrate gun are to be reviewed. Human races-end depends upon the established regional and global temperature ranges.
Since ambient 1750 CE pre industrial times, Modern Global Warming concentrations of greenhouse gases has increased significantly. Greenhouse gas increased above natural global warming concentration of carbon dioxide is increased ~39% and methane concentration is increased ~164%. Greenhouse concentrations 1750 CE levels were historic carbon dioxide peak levels of ~280 ppm and interglacial methane peak levels of ~700 ppb. Current concentrations levels are carbon dioxide (~390 ppm) and methane (~1,850 ppb). The Methane concentration increase of ~164% is very disturbing; indicated is that the Arctic Ocean surface to mid-depth temperatures have increased causing weakening of the methane clathrate cap-over-sediments. Global warming is a matter of understanding projected events based upon past and current events. The Arctic methane is now entering the atmosphere; as Arctic and global temperatures increase, methane releases increases, thus increasing global temperatures to End-Permian Mass Extinction 252.28 Ma levels.
Technically the current East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) sediments are identified within the below Science abstract.
"Extensive Methane Venting to the Atmosphere from Sediments of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf"
Science, 5 March 2010:
Vol. 327 no. 5970 pp. 1246-1250
DOI: 10.1126/science.1182221
By Natalia Shakhova, Igor Semiletov, Anatoly Salyuk, Vladimir Yusupov, Denis Kosmach, and Örjan Gustafsson
ABSTRACT
Transfer to the atmosphere of only a small fraction of the methane held in East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) sediments could trigger abrupt climate warming, yet it is believed that sub-sea permafrost acts as a lid to keep this shallow methane reservoir in place. Here, we show that more than 5000 at-sea observations of dissolved methane demonstrates that greater than 80% of ESAS bottom waters and greater than 50% of surface waters are supersaturated with methane regarding to the atmosphere. The current atmospheric venting flux, which is composed of a diffusive component and a gradual ebullition component, is on par with previous estimates of methane venting from the entire World Ocean. Leakage of methane through shallow ESAS waters needs to be considered in interactions between the bio-geosphere and a warming Arctic climate.
Received for publication 21 September 2009.
Accepted for publication 21 January 2010
Fin
A non technical article of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) methane location is identified below.
"Massive Methane Melt off Siberia"
—By Julia Whitty
Mother Jones, Thu Mar. 4, 2010
Arctic seabed stores of methane are now destabilizing and venting vast stores of frozen methane—a greenhouse gas more than 30 times potent than carbon dioxide. The paper, in the prestigious journal Science, reports the permafrost under the East Siberian Arctic Shelf—long thought to be an impermeable barrier sealing in methane—is instead perforated and leaking large amounts of methane into the atmosphere. Melting of even a fraction of the clathrates stored in that shelf could trigger abrupt climate warming. Lead author Natalia Shakhova Shakhova of the International Arctic Research Center tells U of Alaska Fairbanks: "The amount of methane currently coming out of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf is comparable to the amount coming out of the entire world’s oceans. Subsea permafrost is losing its ability to be an impermeable cap."
The East Siberian Arctic Shelf is a methane-rich area encompassing more than three-quarter million square miles of seafloor in the Arctic Ocean—three times larger than the nearby Siberian wetlands formerly considered the primary Northern Hemisphere source of atmospheric methane.
Shakhova’s research shows the East Siberian Arctic Shelf is already emitting 7 teragrams (1 teragram = 1.1 million tons) of methane yearly, about as much as the all the oceans of the world.
"Our concern is that the subsea permafrost has been showing signs of destabilization already," says Shakhova. "If it further destabilizes, the methane emissions may not be teragrams, it would be significantly larger."
From 2003 through 2008 the researchers took annual research cruises on the shelf, sampling seawater at various depths, and sampling the air above the ocean. Their findings:
■ More than 80 percent of the deep water and greater than half of surface water had methane levels more than eight times that of normal seawater.
■ In some areas, the saturation levels reached at least 250 times that of background levels in the summer and 1,400 times higher in the winter.
■ In the air directly above the ocean surface, methane levels were elevated overall and the seascape was dotted with more than 100 hot spots. (This, combined with results from a winter expedition, showed the methane is not only being dissolved in the water but also bubbling out into the atmosphere as well.)
■ Methane levels throughout the Arctic are usually 8 to 10 percent higher than the global baseline, yet those registered over the East Siberian Arctic Shelf rose another 5 to 10 percent higher than that.
[NOTE: Because Earth's climate base has yet to increase enough to balance with warming forces (and Arctic methane clathrate gas release is temperature and pressure associated), even if all human hydrocarbon emissions were now ceased, there is to be a considerable amount of Arctic methane yet to be released over centuries, which results in more global warming. --DGE]
In the shallow waters of the East Siberian Arctic Shelf, methane doesn’t have enough time to oxidize, and more of it rises to the surface and escapes into the atmosphere. That fact, combined with the sheer amount of methane in the region, adds an extreme volatility [positive regenerative feedback] to this calculated variable in the climate models.
"The release to the atmosphere of only one percent of the methane assumed to be stored in shallow clathrate [aka, hydrate] deposits will alter the current atmospheric burden of methane up to 3 to 4 times," says Shakhova. [Resulting from continued human hydrocarbon greenhouse gas release, it appears there shall be too soon considerably more than one percent of the Arctic methane clathrate release. --DGE]
Fin
It appears there are NO technical articles available that identify Arctic northern Canada and Alaskan sea shoreline methane venting into the atmosphere; which is an indication North American politicians control of funding for science education and research. To achieve covert political ends, untoward politicians control large funding and responses through selected small government funding of education and R&D institutions. Arctic northern Canada, U.S., Greenland, Norway, and Russian sea shoreline methane venting are within the continental boundaries and need to be part of national greenhouse gas emissions inventory. Antarctica is another region of methane emissions interest.
Necessary planned successful responses to global warming temperature increase are essential, many, and varied and involve lives of more than 9 billion people 2050 CE. No national leader (excepting China government's "Second National Assessment Report on Climate Change, 2011") has established a viable national or multinational response plan to counter global warming temperature increase. No nation maintains a viable organization to respond to countering global warming temperature increase. U.S. political responses to global warming are chaotic and global warming is at the crisis point.
It is necessary to stop human greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Over time, by stopping human GHGs there occurs temperature stabilization (i.e., atmospheric GHGs concentrations match systems of natural methane/carbon dioxide feedback). There are only three anthropological avenues available that might alter the course global warming, environmental, and human events: ● Stop (extremely limit) using hydrocarbon energy (coal, oil, natural gas) ● Modify land, groundwater, and sea use practices ● Limit and reduce the size of the human population rate-of-growth. Implementation of some form of geoengineering is to be considered. Extremely limiting use of hydrocarbon energy is the most feasible and timely action that may reduce global warming temperature increase.
As a political ploy to remain dependent upon hydrocarbon economies, Europe-U.S. politicians are locked into funding “alternative fuels renewable energy” and are eliminating nuclear energy. China-India governments are building 2017 CE "carbon budget infrastructure lock-in” with their greatly expand hydrocarbon based economies. Before 2020 CE, to save the human races involves significant reductions of human carbon dioxide emissions, which costs several trillions US dollars. China has introduced its nuclear construction program; but it may be too little too late.
China has built hundreds of new coal fired electrical generators to support their years of economic expansion. China's greenhouse gas emissions are likely to start falling only after 2030 CE. India needs help to reduce carbon their emissions. The U.S. politicians will not reduce global warming emissions prior to 2030 CE; well beyond 2017 CE tripping point of carbon budget infrastructure lock-in. Changing political dynamics poses the major obstacle to changing national hydrocarbon economies to that of hydrocarbon-free economies. Without actual global energy-use changes there is no hope for human races, they end 2050-2099 CE.
Sunday, January 08, 2012
Global Warming Informed Analysis and Recommendations
Pub 08 Jan 2012
Resulting from continuation of 1990s U.S. politics, there has been enabled huge avenues of political corruption and manipulative political power of the trillions of dollars multinational hydrocarbon energy sector. Covert politics of continuing national economies of coal, oil, and natural gas have displaced early-1990s desire to save human races from global warming temperature increase destruction.
Without extensive political changes, the one hundred and sixty thousand year “Journey of Modern Man” most certainly ends with ‘Global Warming 2050-2099 CE’ temperature increase.
Historical Extreme Global Warming - Within the End-Permian Mass Extinction Period, natural volcanic gases and natural ocean methane clathrates and carbon dioxide and sulphur resulting release from extensive 252.28 Ma Siberian Traps volcanic eruptions dominated temperature change rates. Methane releases from massive ocean and sea methane clathrate deposits (along with volcanic sulphur interaction) was the important Earth temperature regulator.
Modern Extreme Global Warming - Within Modern Global Warming Period, it is human hydrocarbon economy energy use (coal, oil, natural gas) and responding natural ocean methane releases from massive deposits of methane clathrates and carbon dioxide release that dominate Earth temperature change-rate. However, volcanic sulphur interactions with methane are not extensively present. The Modern Global Warming Period temperature increase rate-of-change is about ten times faster than occurred End-Permian Mass Extinction Period. Additionally, the continued existence of more than 9 billion people depends upon the rate-of-change of global warming temperature increase. If historically established temperature regulation thresholds are significantly exceeded, Earth temperature increase will be rapid and extreme, well beyond the ability of human races survival 2050-2099 CE.
With left Democrats’ control of Washington DC political machinery the number of media articles critical of global warming (aka, climate change) has become almost non-existent 2008 CE to present. Too few of the public now know the depth of the global warming problem.
Department of Defense, Office of Net Assessment (ONA) - The Director of Net Assessment is the principal staff assistant and advisor to the DoD Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense on net assessment matters. Its purpose is to identify problems and opportunities that deserve the attention of senior defense officials. The Director develops and coordinates net assessments of the standing, trends, and future prospects of U.S. military capabilities and military potential in comparison with those of other countries or groups of countries so as to identify emerging or future threats or opportunities for the United States.
Neither the U.S. Department of Defense nor U.S. intelligence agencies have made an independent effort to assess the planet's global warming temperature increase, and U.S. security officials have generally tried to distance themselves from any debate over the validity of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) data. It is only by timely implementation of informed effective global warming temperature increase responses that human races may be saved form 2050-2099 CE destruction.
The alternative to now stopping global warming temperature increase is the unacceptable total destruction of human races. Global warming trends and responses require timely U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. intelligence officials informed analysis and recommendations, to which the U.S. Congress should respond.
Resulting from continuation of 1990s U.S. politics, there has been enabled huge avenues of political corruption and manipulative political power of the trillions of dollars multinational hydrocarbon energy sector. Covert politics of continuing national economies of coal, oil, and natural gas have displaced early-1990s desire to save human races from global warming temperature increase destruction.
Without extensive political changes, the one hundred and sixty thousand year “Journey of Modern Man” most certainly ends with ‘Global Warming 2050-2099 CE’ temperature increase.
Historical Extreme Global Warming - Within the End-Permian Mass Extinction Period, natural volcanic gases and natural ocean methane clathrates and carbon dioxide and sulphur resulting release from extensive 252.28 Ma Siberian Traps volcanic eruptions dominated temperature change rates. Methane releases from massive ocean and sea methane clathrate deposits (along with volcanic sulphur interaction) was the important Earth temperature regulator.
Modern Extreme Global Warming - Within Modern Global Warming Period, it is human hydrocarbon economy energy use (coal, oil, natural gas) and responding natural ocean methane releases from massive deposits of methane clathrates and carbon dioxide release that dominate Earth temperature change-rate. However, volcanic sulphur interactions with methane are not extensively present. The Modern Global Warming Period temperature increase rate-of-change is about ten times faster than occurred End-Permian Mass Extinction Period. Additionally, the continued existence of more than 9 billion people depends upon the rate-of-change of global warming temperature increase. If historically established temperature regulation thresholds are significantly exceeded, Earth temperature increase will be rapid and extreme, well beyond the ability of human races survival 2050-2099 CE.
With left Democrats’ control of Washington DC political machinery the number of media articles critical of global warming (aka, climate change) has become almost non-existent 2008 CE to present. Too few of the public now know the depth of the global warming problem.
“Climate change poses our greatest threat”
January 7, 2012
Cumberland Times-News, Western Maryland
— The recent letter by Richard Haddad questioning global climate change (“It’s time to rethink causes of global warming,” Jan. 4 Times-News) needs to be rebutted for one simple reason — global climate change poses the greatest threat this country (and by extension the world) has ever faced.
This not a political opinion. It’s the considered opinion of no less than the Pentagon’s Office of Net Assessment (ONA).
In dealing with the facts of global climate change, we should do just that — deal with the scientifically verifiable facts, not politically colored opinions.
Haddad brings up natural warming and cooling cycles as reason for skepticism about human-induced climate change.
When that idea was advanced by skeptics a few years ago, research into the differences between long-term geologic trends and the current unprecedented spike in temperature caused by increased CO2 in the atmosphere quickly buried that possibility.
Haddad also suggests this could be a conspiracy by environmental extremists to get research funding. But if one looks closely at the money involved in the environmental debate, one quickly finds that oil, gas, and coal have poured tens of millions of dollars into lobbying efforts to create a public and Congress with just the opinions in Haddad’s letter. The greed of a few trumps facts and the future.
As for Haddad’s reference to “Climategate” in England, the British mounted an expensive and independent commission to investigate the allegations that data were manipulated. The commission found no attempt by researchers to manipulate data.
Regarding the 1995 report of the UN’s IPCC, why refer to such a dated document?
The 2007 IPCC report, based on the work of thousands of scientists states, “Warming of the climate system is unequivocal … . Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic (human produced) greenhouse gas concentrations.” The U.S. increased CO2 output by 6 percent last year.
Suggesting that we simply “deal with the consequences” of climate change because it’s cheaper, as Mr. Haddad suggests, seems incredibly short-sighted. And it won’t be cheaper.
As economist Sir. Nicholas Stern points out, climate change will affect access to water, food production, health, and the environment.
To quote the Stern report: “…if we don’t act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5 percent of global GDP each year, now and forever, (though) estimates of damage could rise to 20 percent of GDP or more … . The costs of action—reducing greenhouse gas emissions … can be limited to 1 percent of global GDP each year.”
Dr. Richard Muller has been a long-time climate change skeptic. Funded in part by the conservative Koch brothers (in a bit of wonderful irony), Muller recently took a long, hard look at the data for climate change, and that data changed his opinion. Last year, he told Congress that climate change is very real.
Dr. Robert Lovelock, distinguished senior British scientist, says that if the current climate change continues, it could wipe out the human species, or, at best, permit only a few hundred million to exist in the most northern latitudes.
Given that scientific data tells us that climate change is real, that it already costs us massive amounts in money and people’s lives, and that to do nothing is likely a sort of mass suicide, shouldn’t we act? It would take an effort on par with what we did in WWII, but we could do it.
Will we act in time? I suspect we’ll end up doing just what the Easter Islanders did, instead of learning that most valuable of all lessons from them when it comes to sustaining life.
Craig Etchison, Fort Ashby, W.Va.
Fin
Department of Defense, Office of Net Assessment (ONA) - The Director of Net Assessment is the principal staff assistant and advisor to the DoD Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense on net assessment matters. Its purpose is to identify problems and opportunities that deserve the attention of senior defense officials. The Director develops and coordinates net assessments of the standing, trends, and future prospects of U.S. military capabilities and military potential in comparison with those of other countries or groups of countries so as to identify emerging or future threats or opportunities for the United States.
Neither the U.S. Department of Defense nor U.S. intelligence agencies have made an independent effort to assess the planet's global warming temperature increase, and U.S. security officials have generally tried to distance themselves from any debate over the validity of the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) data. It is only by timely implementation of informed effective global warming temperature increase responses that human races may be saved form 2050-2099 CE destruction.
The alternative to now stopping global warming temperature increase is the unacceptable total destruction of human races. Global warming trends and responses require timely U.S. Department of Defense and U.S. intelligence officials informed analysis and recommendations, to which the U.S. Congress should respond.
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